MoE Virtual Labs Project: Free Online Science & Engineering Practical Simulations

MoE Virtual Labs Project: Free Online Science & Engineering Practical Simulations

The landscape of technical and scientific education in India is undergoing a massive digital transformation. One of the most impactful structural milestones driving this change is the Virtual Labs Project, a flagship initiative by the Ministry of Education (MoE), Government of India. Developed under the National Mission on Education through ICT (NMEICT) and coordinated centrally by IIT Delhi alongside a consortium of 11 other premier institutions (including IIT Bombay, IIT Kanpur, and NITK Surathkal), this portal is bridging the critical gap between theoretical textbooks and hands-on laboratory experimentation.

For engineering students, science undergraduates, high school learners, and technical educators across India, Virtual Labs (vlab.co.in) offers completely free, 24/7 remote access to over 175 interactive laboratories and more than 1,590 web-enabled simulations.

1. What is the MoE Virtual Labs Project?

At its core, the Virtual Labs project is an immersive digital learning environment designed to democratize laboratory access. In a traditional setting, high-end scientific equipment, mechanical testing rigs, and chemical analysis tools are expensive, highly localized, and limited by physical constraints. Virtual Labs removes these boundaries entirely.

The project operates on three distinct technological methodologies to deliver experimental outputs directly to a user's web browser:

  1. Simulation & Modeling-Based Labs: The physical or chemical phenomenon is deeply modeled by complex mathematical equations running on high-end remote servers. When a student modifies inputs, the system computes the equations in real time and streams highly accurate animated results.

  2. Measurement-Based Labs: These modules utilize actual data previously extracted from physical experiments conducted on real-world apparatus. Students manipulate experimental variables, and the system pulls the exact corresponding empirical metrics to map out graphs and behaviors.

  3. Remote-Triggered Labs: The absolute pinnacle of the platform. Using a dedicated time-slot booking mechanism, a student can remotely trigger physical equipment located inside an actual IIT laboratory. The hardware executes the experiment in real time, capturing data and video feeds, which are then routed straight back to the student's personal interface.

2. Core Disciplines Covered under Virtual Labs

The platform is meticulously mapped against the current standard curricula of the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) and the University Grants Commission (UGC). The engineering and scientific streams are divided into 9 broad areas:

  • Electronics & Communication Engineering: From verifying simple logic gates in basic electronics to examining wave propagation in advanced microwave engineering.

  • Computer Science & Engineering: Interactive modules covering complex data structures, computer architecture, compiler design, and network protocols.

  • Electrical Engineering: Simulation of heavy industrial machinery, power system stability, control systems, and high-voltage transmission scenarios.

  • Mechanical Engineering: In-depth fluid mechanics, material strength testing (tensile/torsion modeling), kinematics of machines, and thermal engineering.

  • Chemical Engineering: Mass transfer operations, chemical reaction kinetics, and simulation of industrial distillation columns.

  • Biotechnology & Biomedical Engineering: Advanced labs featuring molecular biology protocols, neurophysiology simulations, and cutting-edge proteomics modules (pioneered by IIT Bombay).

  • Civil Engineering: Structural dynamics, soil mechanics testing, fluid transport, and surveying simulations.

  • Physical Sciences: Virtual optics tables, solid-state physics setups, and basic mechanics for university and high-school levels.

  • Chemical Sciences: Organic synthesis steps, physical chemistry spectroscopy, and analytical separation techniques.

3. Salient Features: The Complete Learning Management System (LMS)

Virtual Labs is not just a collection of detached interactive animations. Each single experiment is wrapped within a comprehensive, self-paced Learning Management System (LMS) that walks the student through an entire pedagogical cycle. When a user opens an experiment, they are guided via structured visual tabs:

[Theory & Objective] ➔ [Pre-Test Quiz] ➔ [Procedure Manual] ➔ [Live Simulator] ➔ [Post-Test Assessment] ➔ [References & Video Lectures]
  • The Freedom to Make Mistakes: In a physical laboratory, turning up the voltage too high or miscalculating a chemical ratio can permanently ruin expensive components or create severe safety hazards. In a virtual environment, a student can push systems to their absolute limits, view the catastrophic failure mode safely via animation, and learn why structural thresholds exist.

  • Zero Infrastructural Requirements: Users do not need powerful gaming rigs or complex software installations. The entire execution happens server-side. A basic desktop, laptop, or even a modest smartphone connected to a standard broadband internet link is all that is required.

  • Self-Evaluation Matrices: The built-in pre-tests ensure a student understands the theoretical foundation before manipulating variables, while the post-test tracks exact conceptual absorption after the simulation concludes.

4. Nodal Centres: Integrating Virtual Labs into Colleges

To maximize national footprint and drive ground-level adoption, the MoE coordinates an extensive Nodal Centre program. Engineering and science institutes across India can formally register as Virtual Lab Nodal Centres (VLNCs).

Important Operational Guideline: There is absolutely no financial liability or cost associated with becoming a Nodal Centre. The platform is completely free. Under official guidelines, Nodal Centres are strictly prohibited from charging students any fee for utilizing Virtual Labs.

Institutions designate a Nodal Coordinator, who acts as the primary interface with the regional IIT mentor teams. Nodal Centres are expected to actively integrate these virtual setups into their standard physical weekly timetables, conduct outreach workshops for surrounding colleges, and aim for targeted threshold usages (often exceeding 8,000 lab executions per year) to retain active accreditation. This creates a blended learning approach where students practice extensively online before executing the final "touch and feel" practicals inside real physical labs.

5. MoE āŠĩāŠ°્āŠš્āŠŊુāŠ…āŠē āŠēેāŠŽ્āŠļ āŠŠ્āŠ°ોāŠœેāŠ•્āŠŸ (Gujarati Translation)

āŠŠāŠ°િāŠšāŠŊ: āŠĄિāŠœિāŠŸāŠē āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢāŠŪાં āŠāŠ• āŠŪોāŠŸો āŠ•્āŠ°ાંāŠĪિāŠ•ાāŠ°ી āŠŽāŠĶāŠēાāŠĩ

āŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪāŠŪાં āŠŸેāŠ•āŠĻિāŠ•āŠē āŠ…āŠĻે āŠļાāŠŊāŠĻ્āŠļ āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠŠāŠĶ્āŠ§āŠĪિ āŠāŠĄāŠŠāŠĨી āŠŽāŠĶāŠēાāŠˆ āŠ°āŠđી āŠ›ે. āŠ† āŠŽāŠĶāŠēાāŠĩāŠŪાં āŠļૌāŠĨી āŠŪāŠđāŠĪ્āŠĩāŠĻો āŠŦાāŠģો āŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪ āŠļāŠ°āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĻા āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠŪંāŠĪ્āŠ°ાāŠēāŠŊ (Ministry of Education - MoE) āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠķāŠ°ૂ āŠ•āŠ°ાāŠŊેāŠēા āŠĩāŠ°્āŠš્āŠŊુāŠ…āŠē āŠēેāŠŽ્āŠļ (Virtual Labs) āŠŠ્āŠ°ોāŠœેāŠ•્āŠŸāŠĻો āŠ›ે. āŠ† āŠŊોāŠœāŠĻા National Mission on Education through ICT (NMEICT) āŠ…ંāŠĪāŠ°્āŠ—āŠĪ āŠšāŠēાāŠĩāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ›ે, āŠœેāŠŪાં IIT Delhi āŠŪુāŠ–્āŠŊ āŠļંāŠ•āŠēāŠĻāŠ•āŠ°્āŠĪા (Coordinating Institute) āŠĪāŠ°ીāŠ•ે āŠ•ાāŠŪ āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĪેāŠĻી āŠļાāŠĨે āŠ…āŠĻ્āŠŊ āŦ§āŦ§ āŠŠ્āŠ°ીāŠŪિāŠŊāŠ° āŠļંāŠļ્āŠĨાāŠ“ (āŠœેāŠŪ āŠ•ે IIT Bombay, IIT Kanpur āŠ…āŠĻે NITK Surathkal) āŠœોāŠĄાāŠŊેāŠēી āŠ›ે.

āŠ—ુāŠœāŠ°ાāŠĪ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠļāŠŪāŠ—્āŠ° āŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪāŠĻા āŠāŠĻ્āŠœિāŠĻિāŠŊāŠ°િંāŠ—, āŠļાāŠŊāŠĻ્āŠļ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠđાāŠˆāŠļ્āŠ•ૂāŠēāŠĻા āŠĩિāŠĶ્āŠŊાāŠ°્āŠĨીāŠ“ āŠĪેāŠŪāŠœ āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠ•ો āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠ† āŠŠોāŠ°્āŠŸāŠē (vlab.co.in) āŠŽિāŠēāŠ•ુāŠē āŠŪāŠŦāŠĪ āŠ…āŠĻે āŦĻāŦŠ āŠ•āŠēાāŠ• (24x7) āŠ“āŠĻāŠēાāŠ‡āŠĻ āŠŠ્āŠ°ેāŠ•્āŠŸિāŠ•āŠē āŠļિāŠŪ્āŠŊુāŠēેāŠķāŠĻ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĶાāŠĻ āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ›ે.

āŠĩāŠ°્āŠš્āŠŊુāŠ…āŠē āŠēેāŠŽ્āŠļ āŠķું āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĪે āŠ•ેāŠĩી āŠ°ીāŠĪે āŠ•ાāŠŪ āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ›ે?

āŠŠāŠ°ંāŠŠāŠ°ાāŠ—āŠĪ āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢāŠŪાં āŠ•ોāŠēેāŠœો āŠŠાāŠļે āŠŪોંāŠ˜ા āŠļાāŠ§āŠĻો, āŠŪāŠķીāŠĻāŠ°ી āŠ•ે āŠ•ેāŠŪિāŠ•āŠē āŠēેāŠŽāŠĻી āŠļુāŠĩિāŠ§ા āŠŪāŠ°્āŠŊાāŠĶિāŠĪ āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠĩāŠ°્āŠš્āŠŊુāŠ…āŠē āŠēેāŠŽ āŠ† āŠĪāŠŪાāŠŪ āŠ­ૌāŠĪિāŠ• āŠļીāŠŪાāŠ“āŠĻે āŠĶૂāŠ° āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ›ે. āŠ† āŠŠ્āŠ°ોāŠœેāŠ•્āŠŸ āŠŪુāŠ–્āŠŊāŠĪ્āŠĩે āŠĪ્āŠ°āŠĢ āŠŸેāŠ•āŠĻોāŠēોāŠœીāŠ•āŠē āŠŠāŠĶ્āŠ§āŠĪિāŠ“ āŠŠāŠ° āŠ•ાāŠŪ āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ›ે:

  1. āŠļિāŠŪ્āŠŊુāŠēેāŠķāŠĻ āŠ†āŠ§ાāŠ°િāŠĪ āŠēેāŠŽ (Simulation-Based Labs): āŠ†āŠŪાં āŠ­ૌāŠĪિāŠ• āŠ•ે āŠ°ાāŠļાāŠŊāŠĢિāŠ• āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•્āŠ°િāŠŊાāŠ“āŠĻે āŠ—āŠĢિāŠĪāŠĻા āŠļāŠŪીāŠ•āŠ°āŠĢો āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠđાāŠˆ-āŠāŠĻ્āŠĄ āŠļāŠ°્āŠĩāŠ° āŠŠāŠ° āŠ°āŠĻ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ›ે. āŠĩિāŠĶ્āŠŊાāŠ°્āŠĨીāŠ“ āŠļ્āŠ•્āŠ°ીāŠĻ āŠŠāŠ° āŠ‡āŠĻāŠŠુāŠŸ āŠŽāŠĶāŠēીāŠĻે āŠ°ીāŠ…āŠē-āŠŸાāŠ‡āŠŪāŠŪાં āŠāŠĻિāŠŪેāŠŸેāŠĄ āŠŠāŠ°િāŠĢાāŠŪો āŠœોāŠˆ āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે.

  2. āŠŪેāŠāŠ°āŠŪેāŠĻ્āŠŸ āŠ†āŠ§ાāŠ°િāŠĪ āŠēેāŠŽ (Measurement-Based Labs): āŠĩાāŠļ્āŠĪāŠĩિāŠ• āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠŊોāŠ—āŠķાāŠģાāŠŪાં āŠēેāŠĩાāŠŊેāŠēા āŠļાāŠšા āŠ°ીāŠĄિંāŠ—્āŠļ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĄેāŠŸા āŠ† āŠļિāŠļ્āŠŸāŠŪāŠŪાં āŠļ્āŠŸોāŠ° āŠ•āŠ°ેāŠēા āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠĩિāŠĶ્āŠŊાāŠ°્āŠĨીāŠ“ āŠœ્āŠŊાāŠ°ે āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠŊોāŠ— āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ›ે āŠĪ્āŠŊાāŠ°ે āŠļિāŠļ્āŠŸāŠŪ āŠĪે āŠļાāŠšો āŠĄેāŠŸા āŠ—્āŠ°ાāŠŦ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ•ોāŠ·્āŠŸāŠ• āŠļ્āŠĩāŠ°ૂāŠŠે āŠĶāŠ°્āŠķાāŠĩે āŠ›ે.

  3. āŠ°ીāŠŪોāŠŸ-āŠŸ્āŠ°િāŠ—āŠ° āŠēેāŠŽ (Remote-Triggered Labs): āŠ† āŠŸેāŠ•āŠĻોāŠēોāŠœીāŠŪાં āŠĩિāŠĶ્āŠŊાāŠ°્āŠĨીāŠ“ āŠ“āŠĻāŠēાāŠ‡āŠĻ āŠŸાāŠ‡āŠŪ-āŠļ્āŠēોāŠŸ āŠŽુāŠ• āŠ•āŠ°ીāŠĻે āŠļીāŠ§ા āŠœ āŠ†āŠˆ.āŠ†āŠˆ.āŠŸી. (IIT) āŠĻી āŠ…ંāŠĶāŠ° āŠ°ાāŠ–ેāŠēા āŠ…āŠļāŠēી āŠ­ૌāŠĪિāŠ• āŠļાāŠ§āŠĻોāŠĻે āŠŠોāŠĪાāŠĻા āŠ•āŠŪ્āŠŠ્āŠŊુāŠŸāŠ°āŠĨી āŠ“āŠŠāŠ°ેāŠŸ āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĪેāŠĻો āŠēાāŠˆāŠĩ āŠĩિāŠĄીāŠŊો āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĄેāŠŸા āŠŪેāŠģāŠĩી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે.

āŠ•āŠŊા āŠŪુāŠ–્āŠŊ āŠĩિāŠ·āŠŊોāŠĻો āŠļāŠŪાāŠĩેāŠķ āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠ›ે?

āŠ† āŠŠોāŠ°્āŠŸāŠē āŠļંāŠŠૂāŠ°્āŠĢāŠŠāŠĢે AICTE āŠ…āŠĻે UGC āŠĻા āŠ…āŠ­્āŠŊાāŠļāŠ•્āŠ°āŠŪ āŠŪુāŠœāŠŽ āŠĪૈāŠŊાāŠ° āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩ્āŠŊું āŠ›ે, āŠœેāŠŪાં āŠĻીāŠšે āŠŪુāŠœāŠŽāŠĻી āŠŽ્āŠ°ાāŠĻ્āŠš āŠ†āŠĩāŠ°ી āŠēેāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩી āŠ›ે:

  • āŠ‡āŠēેāŠ•્āŠŸ્āŠ°ોāŠĻિāŠ•્āŠļ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ•ોāŠŪ્āŠŊુāŠĻિāŠ•ેāŠķāŠĻ: āŠŽેāŠિāŠ• āŠēોāŠœિāŠ• āŠ—ેāŠŸ્āŠļāŠĨી āŠēāŠˆāŠĻે āŠāŠĄāŠĩાāŠĻ્āŠļ āŠŪાāŠ‡āŠ•્āŠ°ોāŠĩેāŠĩ āŠāŠĻ્āŠœિāŠĻિāŠŊāŠ°િંāŠ—.

  • āŠ•āŠŪ્āŠŠ્āŠŊુāŠŸāŠ° āŠļાāŠŊāŠĻ્āŠļ: āŠĄેāŠŸા āŠļ્āŠŸ્āŠ°āŠ•્āŠšāŠ°્āŠļ, āŠ•āŠŪ્āŠŠાāŠˆāŠēāŠ° āŠĄિāŠાāŠ‡āŠĻ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĻેāŠŸāŠĩāŠ°્āŠ• āŠŠ્āŠ°ોāŠŸોāŠ•ોāŠē્āŠļāŠĻા āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠŊોāŠ—ો.

  • āŠ‡āŠēેāŠ•્āŠŸ્āŠ°િāŠ•āŠē āŠāŠĻ્āŠœિāŠĻિāŠŊāŠ°િંāŠ—: āŠŠાāŠĩāŠ° āŠļિāŠļ્āŠŸāŠŪ્āŠļ, āŠ•ંāŠŸ્āŠ°ોāŠē āŠļિāŠļ્āŠŸāŠŪ્āŠļ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠđેāŠĩી āŠ‡āŠēેāŠ•્āŠŸ્āŠ°િāŠ•āŠē āŠŪāŠķીāŠĻોāŠĻું āŠļિāŠŪ્āŠŊુāŠēેāŠķāŠĻ.

  • āŠŪિāŠ•ેāŠĻિāŠ•āŠē āŠāŠĻ્āŠœિāŠĻિāŠŊāŠ°િંāŠ—: āŠŦ્āŠēુāŠ‡āŠĄ āŠŪિāŠ•ેāŠĻિāŠ•્āŠļ, āŠŪāŠŸીāŠ°ીāŠŊāŠē āŠŸેāŠļ્āŠŸિંāŠ— āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĨāŠ°્āŠŪāŠē āŠāŠĻ્āŠœિāŠĻિāŠŊāŠ°િંāŠ—.

  • āŠļિāŠĩિāŠē, āŠ•ેāŠŪિāŠ•āŠē āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŽાāŠŊોāŠŸેāŠ•āŠĻોāŠēોāŠœી: āŠŪોāŠēેāŠ•્āŠŊુāŠēāŠ° āŠŽાāŠŊોāŠēોāŠœી, āŠļોāŠ‡āŠē āŠŪિāŠ•ેāŠĻિāŠ•્āŠļ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ•ેāŠŪિāŠ•āŠē āŠ°ીāŠāŠ•્āŠķāŠĻ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•્āŠ°િāŠŊાāŠ“.

  • āŠŦિāŠિāŠ•āŠē āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ•ેāŠŪિāŠ•āŠē āŠļાāŠŊāŠĻ્āŠļ: āŠļ્āŠ•ૂāŠē āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ•ોāŠēેāŠœāŠĻા āŠĩિāŠĶ્āŠŊાāŠ°્āŠĨીāŠ“ āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠŦિāŠિāŠ•્āŠļ āŠ“āŠŠ્āŠŸિāŠ•્āŠļ āŠŸેāŠŽāŠē āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ•ેāŠŪિāŠļ્āŠŸ્āŠ°ી āŠļ્āŠŠેāŠ•્āŠŸ્āŠ°ોāŠļ્āŠ•ોāŠŠીāŠĻા āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠŊોāŠ—ો.

āŠēāŠ°્āŠĻિંāŠ— āŠŪેāŠĻેāŠœāŠŪેāŠĻ્āŠŸ āŠļિāŠļ્āŠŸāŠŪ (LMS) āŠĻા āŠŪુāŠ–્āŠŊ āŠŦાāŠŊāŠĶાāŠ“

āŠĶāŠ°ેāŠ• āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠŊોāŠ— āŠŪાāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠāŠ• āŠāŠĻિāŠŪેāŠķāŠĻ āŠĻāŠĨી, āŠŠāŠĢ āŠāŠ• āŠ†āŠ–ી āŠ­āŠĢāŠĩાāŠĻી āŠļિāŠļ્āŠŸāŠŪ āŠ›ે:

  • āŠ­ૂāŠēો āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠĻી āŠļંāŠŠૂāŠ°્āŠĢ āŠ†āŠાāŠĶી: āŠ…āŠļāŠēી āŠēેāŠŽāŠŪાં āŠĩોāŠē્āŠŸેāŠœ āŠĩāŠ§ી āŠœāŠĩાāŠĨી āŠ•ે āŠ–ોāŠŸું āŠ•ેāŠŪિāŠ•āŠē āŠŪિāŠ•્āŠļ āŠĨāŠĩાāŠĨી āŠŪોંāŠ˜ા āŠļાāŠ§āŠĻો āŠŽāŠ—āŠĄāŠĩાāŠĻો āŠ•ે āŠķાāŠ°ીāŠ°િāŠ• āŠˆāŠœા āŠĨāŠĩાāŠĻો āŠ­āŠŊ āŠ°āŠđે āŠ›ે. āŠĩāŠ°્āŠš્āŠŊુāŠ…āŠē āŠēેāŠŽāŠŪાં āŠĩિāŠĶ્āŠŊાāŠ°્āŠĨીāŠ“ āŠ•ોāŠˆāŠŠāŠĢ āŠĄāŠ° āŠĩāŠ—āŠ° āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠŊોāŠ—ો āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŠોāŠĪાāŠĻી āŠ­ૂāŠēોāŠŪાંāŠĨી āŠķીāŠ–ી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે.

  • āŠ•ોāŠˆ āŠĩāŠ§ાāŠ°ાāŠĻા āŠ–āŠ°્āŠšāŠĻી āŠœāŠ°ૂāŠ° āŠĻāŠĨી: āŠ† āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠŸāŠŦોāŠ°્āŠŪ āŠĩાāŠŠāŠ°āŠĩા āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠ•ોāŠˆ āŠŪોંāŠ˜ા āŠ•āŠŪ્āŠŠ્āŠŊુāŠŸāŠ°āŠĻી āŠœāŠ°ૂāŠ° āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠāŠ• āŠļાāŠŪાāŠĻ્āŠŊ āŠ‡āŠĻ્āŠŸāŠ°āŠĻેāŠŸ āŠ•āŠĻેāŠ•્āŠķāŠĻ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠļ્āŠŪાāŠ°્āŠŸāŠŦોāŠĻ āŠ•ે āŠēેāŠŠāŠŸોāŠŠ āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ† āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠŊોāŠ—ો āŠ–ૂāŠŽ āŠœ āŠļāŠ°āŠģāŠĪાāŠĨી āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠķāŠ•ાāŠŊ āŠ›ે.

  • āŠļેāŠē્āŠŦ-āŠ‡āŠĩેāŠē્āŠŊુāŠāŠķāŠĻ (āŠļ્āŠĩ-āŠŪૂāŠē્āŠŊાંāŠ•āŠĻ): āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠŊોāŠ— āŠķāŠ°ૂ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪા āŠŠāŠđેāŠēા 'āŠŠ્āŠ°ી-āŠŸેāŠļ્āŠŸ' (Pre-test) āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠŊોāŠ— āŠŠૂāŠ°ો āŠĨāŠŊા āŠŠāŠ›ી 'āŠŠોāŠļ્āŠŸ-āŠŸેāŠļ્āŠŸ' (Post-test) āŠ•્āŠĩિāŠ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ›ે, āŠœેāŠĨી āŠĩિāŠĶ્āŠŊાāŠ°્āŠĨી āŠŠોāŠĪાāŠĻી āŠļāŠŪāŠœ āŠķāŠ•્āŠĪિ āŠœાāŠĪે āŠšāŠ•ાāŠļી āŠķāŠ•ે.

āŠĻોāŠĄāŠē āŠļેāŠĻ્āŠŸāŠ° (Nodal Centres) āŠĻી āŠ­ૂāŠŪિāŠ•ા

āŠ—ુāŠœāŠ°ાāŠĪāŠĻી āŠ•ોāŠˆāŠŠāŠĢ āŠļાāŠŊāŠĻ્āŠļ āŠ…āŠĨāŠĩા āŠāŠĻ્āŠœિāŠĻિāŠŊāŠ°િંāŠ— āŠ•ોāŠēેāŠœ āŠ† āŠŠ્āŠ°ોāŠœેāŠ•્āŠŸ āŠ…ંāŠĪāŠ°્āŠ—āŠĪ āŠĻોāŠĄāŠē āŠļેāŠĻ્āŠŸāŠ° āŠĪāŠ°ીāŠ•ે āŠŪāŠŦāŠĪāŠŪાં āŠĻોંāŠ§āŠĢી āŠ•āŠ°ાāŠĩી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે. āŠĻિāŠŊāŠŪો āŠ…āŠĻુāŠļાāŠ°, āŠ•ોāŠēેāŠœો āŠ† āŠļુāŠĩિāŠ§ા āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠĩિāŠĶ્āŠŊાāŠ°્āŠĨીāŠ“ āŠŠાāŠļેāŠĨી āŠ•ોāŠˆ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĻી āŠŦી āŠĩāŠļૂāŠē āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠķāŠ•āŠĪી āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠ•ોāŠēેāŠœāŠĻા āŠŠ્āŠ°ોāŠŦેāŠļāŠ°ો āŠ† āŠ“āŠĻāŠēાāŠ‡āŠĻ āŠēેāŠŽ્āŠļāŠĻે āŠŠોāŠĪાāŠĻા āŠ°ોāŠœિંāŠĶા āŠŸાāŠ‡āŠŪāŠŸેāŠŽāŠē āŠļાāŠĨે āŠļાંāŠ•āŠģીāŠĻે āŠĩિāŠĶ્āŠŊાāŠ°્āŠĨીāŠ“āŠĻે āŠĄિāŠœિāŠŸāŠē āŠŪાāŠ§્āŠŊāŠŪāŠĨી āŠķ્āŠ°ેāŠ·્āŠ  āŠŠ્āŠ°ેāŠ•્āŠŸિāŠ•āŠē āŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻ āŠ†āŠŠી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે.

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